Click on map to set fault location (top edge center)
SWEET
Synthetic Waveforms for Earthquake Experimentation and Testing
Synthetic rupture
Build geometry, kinematics, slip distribution, subsources and synthetic waveforms.
GeoJSON fault
Import a finite-fault model from GeoJSON.
USGS real fault
Browse live USGS finite-fault events and load a real rupture model.
Observed waveforms
Upload MiniSEED and StationXML, process them, and open directly in results.
Real finite fault source
USGS Finite-Fault CatalogLIVE
Real seismic events with published finite-fault models — data from USGS
Set filters above and click Search
Rupture Setup
Set location & fault geometry
Fault Location (Top Edge Center)
← click map
Fault Geometry
Fault area3 000 km²
Patches20 × 6 = 120
Suggested MwMw 7.5
Kinematics
Configure slip & rupture parameters
▲ Reverse / Thrust fault
SW endCentreNE end
Top edgeCentreBottom
1.53.04.5 km/s
Station Network
Place stations on land or load from CSV
Stations: 0Max dist: 200 kmNetwork rev: 1
Station mode
Generate Random Stations
1200
Loaded Stations
Waveform Computation
Computing...0%
Elapsed: 0sETA: …
Observed waveform scenario
MiniSEED + StationXML are required
Waveforms
Station metadata
Event metadata, optional
Finite-fault model, optional
Upload summary
No files uploaded yet.
Preprocessing
Waveform Results
Mw
-
Stations
-
PGA max
-
PGV max
-
Map Layers
-PGA (%g)-
Shakemap Parameter
SA data not in current results — please recompute the analysis.
Select files to download
Post-Waveform Modules
Engineering, DRR, and EEW entry points (phase-1 placeholders)
Data Handoff
Waiting for waveform results...
ModulePlaceholder mode
Shared context snapshot passed to this module:
Analysis Plots
View
Avg slip — mM0—Mw —
Subsources: –Avg patches/group: –
Target Mw: 6.0
Source Time Function
About SWEET
Synthetic Waveforms for Earthquake Early Warning Testing
SWEET is an interactive web app for finite fault modeling and synthetic seismic waveform generation. Design earthquake rupture scenarios through a map-first workflow: set location and geometry on the map, configure kinematics, group subsources, define a station network, and compute broadband synthetic waveforms.
Pre-computed templates are generated using the ML-based seismic waveform model of:
Palgunadi, K. H., Bergmeister, A., Bosisio, A., Ermert, L. A., Koroni, M., Perraudin, N., et al. (2025). High resolution seismic waveform generation using denoising diffusion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation, 2, e2025JH000862. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JH000862
Author: Francesco Alexandr Colosimo
Version: 2.0 — 2026
Based on the master's thesis "SWEET: Synthetic Waveforms for Earthquake Early Warning Testing" completed at ETH Zürich. doi:10.3929/ethz-c-000785073
SWEET User Guide
Overview
SWEET is an interactive web application for designing earthquake rupture scenarios and computing broadband synthetic ground-motion waveforms. The workflow follows five sequential steps shown in the top navigation bar:
You can navigate back at any time with the Back buttons or by clicking the SWEET logo (returns to the landing page). A built-in tutorial is available from the landing page.
Landing Page — Choose Your Starting Mode
Synthetic Fault
Design a rectangular fault from scratch using sliders for geometry, kinematics, and slip distribution.
Load GeoJSON
Import an existing finite-fault model from a .geojson / .json file. Patches are loaded directly.
Load from USGS LIVE
Browse the real-time USGS finite-fault catalog. Set a start date and minimum magnitude, click Search USGS, then select any event to load its rupture model.
1Rupture — Fault Geometry
Click anywhere on the map to place the fault's top-edge centre point, or type coordinates directly. Then configure:
Strike (0–360°)
Direction of the fault trace clockwise from north.
Target moment magnitude. Slip is scaled to match within physical stress-drop limits.
Slip Distribution
Uniform, Random, Gaussian (default), or Asperity.
Along-strike hypocenter
Normalised rupture nucleation position along strike (0 = SW end, 1 = NE end).
Down-dip hypocenter
Normalised nucleation position down-dip (0 = top edge, 1 = bottom).
Rupture velocity
Propagation speed of the rupture front (1.5–4.5 km/s). Typical crustal: 2.5–3.5 km/s.
After computing, the fault plane shows four tabs: Slip · Moment · Rupture Time · STF. A 2D/3D toggle switches between map and perspective views.
3Sources — Subsource Grouping
Fault patches are clustered into subsources — point-source equivalents for the Green's function summation. Set the target subsource Mw: groups accumulate patches until their cumulative moment equals this magnitude. Smaller value → more groups → finer resolution but longer compute time. Recommended: 0.3–0.7 below the total event Mw.
4Stations
Count (1–200)
Number of stations to place.
Max distance
Maximum distance from the fault centroid (20–200 km). Using the centroid rather than the hypocenter keeps stations evenly distributed around long ruptures.
Land-only
When checked, ocean points are rejected.
VS30 site class
Random mix, Soft/basin 300 m/s, or Rock/hard 600 m/s. Soft sites produce significantly higher PGA.
CSV upload format (header optional): name, lat, lon, vs30
The vs30 column is optional; if absent a random site class is assigned. JSON arrays with name/lat/lon keys are also accepted.
5Waveforms — Compute & Results
Click Compute Waveforms. The server matches every subsource–station pair to a pre-computed Green's function template, applies rupture-time delays and moment scaling, sums all contributions, and returns one miniSEED file per realisation. Typical time: 10–120 seconds.
The Results panel shows:
Summary stats — stations with templates, realisations generated
Map coloured by PGA — click a station marker to highlight it
Plots drawer: Waveform overview · PGA vs. distance · PGV vs. distance · Shakemap
Download button for the raw .mseed file (ObsPy-compatible)
Station waveform viewer: double-click any station marker to open 3-component (N / E / Z) acceleration and velocity traces.
Tips & Best Practices
Start with Mw 6.5–7.0 and 20–50 stations to verify the setup before large jobs.
The Suggested Mw in the geometry summary is a good starting point for the kinematics magnitude slider.
If many stations show "template not found", reduce max distance or keep Mw within 5.0–8.0.
Results expire after 2 hours on the server — download .mseed files before closing the browser.
Rate limit: 2 compute jobs per minute per IP address. Wait ~60 s if you hit the limit.
v…
Loading waveforms…
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